A new EMN-OECD study examines how third-country nationals in EMN Member Countries face skills mismatch in the labour market. It focuses on labour migrants as well as those arriving via family reunification, beneficiaries of international protection (BIP) and Beneficiaries of temporary protection (BoTP). Drawing on contributions from 25 EMN National Contact Points and using OECD comparative analysis in measuring skills mismatch, this study highlights key barriers such as limited language proficiency, difficulties in recognising qualifications and discrimination. It also shows how countries are responding through national, local and employer-led measures to improve skills recognition, language support and access to more suitable employment.