The European Migration Network has published a report entitled “Responsibility and access to rights for beneficiaries of temporary protection”, developed in cooperation with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Since 2022, EMN member states and observer states, as well as non-EU OECD countries, have gradually adapted their national policies and measures to ensure access to employment, healthcare, education, social assistance and access (or means of access) to adequate housing for beneficiaries of temporary protection following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.
The financial benefits and allowances granted to beneficiaries of temporary protection vary greatly, with some countries offering benefits equivalent to those granted to nationals, while others apply reduced or conditional payments after a certain period. Entitlement to benefits is increasingly linked to active participation in work, education or integration measures.
Some countries have reduced the provision of certain services, including state-provided housing, healthcare, and social assistance, in order to balance public finances with ensuring access to rights. New initiatives often focus on strengthening labor market integration and social inclusion, particularly for beneficiaries of temporary protection who have achieved partial or full self-sufficiency.
Several EMN member states have introduced or plan to introduce financial contributions for services received, such as accommodation and meals, from those who have sufficient income, but vulnerable groups are exempt from such contributions. Most countries have established protection thresholds or transitional measures to protect low-income beneficiaries of temporary protection and prevent sudden and significant loss of services.
While countries continue to debate the development of long-term solutions, a small number of EMN countries facilitate the transition from temporary protection to alternative residence permits, mainly for employed persons. Some countries have introduced simplified procedures or alternative pathways to residence in order to retain economically integrated beneficiaries of temporary protection after the end of temporary protection.